If a person does not want babies, they can explore some useful modes of birth control. While many methods are available, the right one is the one which suits a person’s lifestyle. The male condom is most commonly used and is perhaps the most effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. But the best birth control method varies from person to person, and it can also differ over the years depending on the changing needs.

1. Abstinence
This is when one ensures zero sexual contact or when a man uses contraceptives or condoms to prevent contact with the woman’s vagina. This method will work as long as one can abstain, but this is not a feasible option.

2. Sterilization for women
This surgery for women involves blocking, tying, or clamping fallopian tubes responsible for linking the uterus with ovaries. This method is one of the most effective modes of birth control and is also called tubal ligation. It is permanent and a one-time procedure only. However, like any surgery, it needs hospitalization and administration of general anesthesia. It may have side-effects like infection, bleeding, or ectopic pregnancy later.

3. Sterilization for men
Sterilization surgery for men involves blocking tubes from the testes to other glands to ensure that the semen does not contain sperms. This is an ongoing method of birth control.

4. Birth control implants
In this procedure, the doctor uses a needle to insert a matchstick-sized rod loaded with progestin beneath the skin of a woman’s arm. This can offer protection for the long-term and can be reversed in case the woman wishes to conceive. However, it may cause weight gain or changes in the menstrual cycle.

5. Progestin IUD
This is a hormonal birth control method where a T-shaped device with progestin is put inside the uterus. This is effective for almost three to five years and can be removed to conceive a child. However, it may trigger irregular periods, ovarian cysts, and pain.

6. Copper IUD
This medical procedure works when a T-shaped device loaded with copper is placed in the uterus to prevent the sperm from fertilizing the egg or the egg from getting attached to the uterus lining. A woman can use this for ten years, and once removed, she can conceive again. Side-effects are possible bleeding and cramps and, in rare cases, pelvic infection.

7. Birth control shot
In this method, the doctor gives a progestin shot that lasts for three months. It is reversible and can even be used when breastfeeding. The only downside is that one has to get shots regularly on time, and there are chances of losing bone density after getting these for almost two years.

8. Vaginal ring
This involves placing a plastic ring inside the vagina that releases estrogen and progestin. This ring lasts for a month and must be changed routinely. It can cause some discomfort and vaginal discharge.

9. Diaphragm with spermicide
This is a barrier method where a dome-shaped disk loaded with sperm-killing jelly is placed in the vagina to cover the cervix. This can last two hours and works right away. It does not trigger any hormonal changes, and neither partner can feel it. However, it has to be fitted to the right size and may cause allergic reactions, irritation, and infections.

10. Male condom
This involves placing a thin cover over an erect penis before intercourse. This is meant only for a single sexual act. It is easily available, and most importantly, easy to carry.