The prostate is a small gland that is present in men. It is located at the base of the penis and makes seminal fluid, which produces semen. The prostate becomes enlarged with age. Sometimes it gets so big that it blocks the urethra.
Prostate cancer starts when the cells in the prostate multiply exponentially and become a tumor. This tumor can be benign, which means that it cannot spread or it could be malignant, where it could grow and spread to other areas in the body. However, compared to most other cancers, prostate cancer does not grow as quickly. A doctor decides on the treatment methods for prostate cancer based on how it is growing.

1. Observation or Active Surveillance
   Since prostate cancer grows slowly, it is recommended to waitt and measure their growth. In very slow-growing prostate cancers, the removal of cancer could cause more issues than the prostate cancer itself. This approach is the most common treatment method for prostate cancer in low and very low-risk prostate cancers.
2. Surgery
   Surgery to treat prostate cancers includes the removal of the prostate as well as the lymph glands around it. The different types of prostate cancer removal surgeries are radical (open) prostatectomy, robotic or laparoscopic prostatectomy, bilateral orchiectomy, and the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The TURP procedure is usually performed to relieve the urinary blockage.
3. Radiation Therapy
   Radiation in the form of high powered energy that targets the cancer cells is applied to prostate cancer. It can be given as radiation that is delivered externally (external beam radiation) or internally (brachytherapy or interstitial radiation therapy). The external radiation is delivered with special machines that target energy beams at the cancer cells in the prostate. In brachytherapy, small radioactive seeds are placed in the prostate, which slowly delivers radiation to the surrounding prostate cells.
4. Chemotherapy
   The early stages of prostate cancer are not usually treated with chemotherapy. It is used when prostate cancer has spread outside the gland despite the administration of hormone therapy.
5. Cryotherapy
   Cryotherapy uses very low temperatures to kill the cancer cells as well as the prostate cells. It is not usually the primary choice of treatment.
6. Hormone therapy
   The cells in the prostate need testosterone to grow. So depriving them of this hormone may kill the cells of the prostate, including the cancerous cells. In some cases, medicines that stop testosterone production are used. Doctors may also use medication that blocks testosterone from reaching the prostate. Removal of the testicles also stops the production of testosterone. This may also be used in the stage before radiation therapy to shrink the prostate tissues.
7. Immunotherapy
   Immunotherapy uses the body’s own immune system to target the cancer cells. This is used in cases where there is no response to hormone therapy, but when the cancer is not causing many symptoms. This vaccine is manufactured individually from the patient’s own white blood cells.
8. Targeted therapy
   This is a highly specific treatment that does not destroy normal cells. Target therapy identifies and destroys the cancerous cells alone using PARP inhibitors.