Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. In such cancers, the skin cells called melanocytes undergo DNA damage or mutations that cause their uncontrolled multiplication and growth. Most of the common cancers of the skin are found in areas of the body that are exposed to the sun. Melanomas, however, are also found on parts that are not directly exposed to sunlight. There are many risk factors for melanoma; such as the following.

1. Excessive UV exposure
   There are two kinds of UV rays; UVA and UVB. UVB radiation can be a risk factor for melanoma but new research finds that UVA may also play a role. It is important to protect the skin from both types of UV radiation. UV radiation is higher in places that have bright sunshine year-round and also in high altitudes. Sun tanning whether natural or indoor is a risk factor. If you spend more time outdoors during the noon hours when the sunlight is at its strongest, your risk of melanoma is higher. If you had frequent sunburns as a child, you are also more vulnerable to the disease.
2. Weakened immune system
   When a person’s immunity is compromised because of other health conditions such as lymphoma or HIV, there is a higher risk of skin cancer. The immune system can also be artificially compromised by chemotherapy, medical treatments, or immunosuppressants after organ transplantation.
3. Moles
   It is found that people with a larger number of moles on the body have higher risk factors for melanoma. This is especially true of very large, atypical, or unusual moles called dysplastic nevi. A large mole is defined as one that is larger than the tip of a pencil eraser. Such moles should be photographed and watched for any changes. If it is constantly changing in appearance, it is crucial to consult a doctor immediately. This is because melanoma can form in a mole as well as normal-looking skin.
4. Skin tone
   The best way to check your skin tone is to think about whether you tan or burn easily under the sun. People with red or blonde hair, blue eyes, freckles generally get sunburns rather than tans when exposed to the sun. People who burn more easily than they tan are at a higher risk of melanomas. However, this does not mean that people with darker complexion do not develop the condition.
5. Genetics
   As with most cancers, a genetic predisposition to melanomas is one of the main risk factors of the condition. It is found that an average of 10 percent of melanoma patients have a relative with the same condition. Some people have multiple atypical moles as well as a family history. This is called familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome (FAMMM).
6. History of skin cancer
   Having previously had skin cancer or melanomas is one of the risk factors to watch out for.
7. Age
   The average age at which melanoma is diagnosed is 65 years old. However, it has been found that the type of skin cancer can affect young adults too. Melanoma affects women between the ages of 25 to 29 more often than other forms of cancer.